On June 20, 2026, Environment and Climate Change Canada and Health Canada announced in the Canada Gazette the completion of a comprehensive environmental and human health risk assessment of 13 titanium-containing chemical substances. The conclusion was that these substances do not pose a hazard to the environment or public health under current conditions of use, and therefore no further regulatory measures are planned.
This assessment was conducted under Section 68 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA), covering 13 titanium compounds listed on the Domestic Substances List (DSL), including titanium dioxide, titanium tetrachloride, and barium titanate. These substances are widely used in the daily lives of Canadians, spanning food packaging, cosmetics, coatings, textiles, electronic products, cleaning products, and toys, among other applications.
Substances Assessed
|
CAS RN |
DSL name |
Common name |
|
546-68-9 |
2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt |
Titanium tetraisopropanolate |
|
1070-10-6 |
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, titanium(4+) salt |
Titanium tetrakis(2-ethylhexanolate) |
|
1317-80-2 |
Rutile (TiO2) |
Rutile (TiO2) |
|
1344-54-3 |
Titanium oxide (Ti2O3) |
Dititanium trioxide |
|
13463-67-7 |
Titanium oxide (TiO2) |
Titanium dioxide |
|
5593-70-4 |
1-Butanol, titanium(4+) salt |
Titanium tetrabutanolate |
|
7550-45-0 |
Titanium tetrachloride |
Titanium tetrachloride |
|
7705-07-9 |
Titanium chloride (TiCl3) |
Titanium trichloride |
|
12047-27-7 |
Titanate (TiO32-), barium (1:1) |
Barium titanate (IV) |
|
12060-59-2 |
Titanate (TiO32-), strontium (1:1) |
Strontium titanium oxide |
|
13825-74-6 |
Titanium, oxo[sulfato(2-)-O,O’]- |
Titanium oxide sulphate |
|
16919-27-0 |
Titanate(2-), hexafluoro-, dipotassium, (OC-6-11)- |
Dipotassium hexafluorotitanate |
|
20338-08-3 |
Titanium hydroxide (Ti(OH)4), (T-4)- |
Tetrahydroxytitanium |
Key Findings
Environmental Risk Assessment
- Assessment conducted using the Inorganic Ecological Risk Classification (ERC-I) approach
- Analysis based on comparison of predictive models with actual water quality monitoring data
- Conclusion: Unlikely to cause ecological harm
Human Health Risk Assessment
- Systemic exposure: Based on data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), 99.97% of Canadians (aged 3–79) have blood titanium concentrations below the limit of detection (10 µg/L), which is far below the safety threshold (65 µg/L), indicating low risk
- Inhalation exposure: Long-term inhalation may cause localized effects in the respiratory system, but the existing margin of exposure is adequate
- Populations of concern: Children (aged 4–13) have the highest exposure through environmental media, food, and drinking water; dietary intake among Indigenous peoples in Northern Saskatchewan and pregnant women is lower than that of the general population
Therefore, pursuant to Section 77(6) of CEPA, these 13 substances do not meet any of the criteria for toxicity set out in Section 64 of CEPA. The Ministers of Environment and Health jointly proposed that no further action be taken on this group of substances at this time. The full scientific assessment report has been published on the Government of Canada's Chemicals Substances website.
